Paucimyces polynucleatus gen. nov, sp. nov., a novel polycentric genus of anaerobic gut fungi from the faeces of a wild blackbuck antelope

The vampyrellids (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria) are an order of bare amoebae of appreciable genetic range. Three households have been nicely outlined (Vampyrellidae, Leptophryidae, Placopodidae), however most vampyrellid lineages detected by environmental sequencing are poorly recognized or utterly uncharacterised. In the brackish sediment of Lake Bras D’Or, Nova Scotia, Canada, we found an amoeba with a vampyrellid-like life historical past that was morphologically dissimilar from recognized vampyrellid taxa.

We established a tradition of this amoeba, studied its feeding behaviour and prey vary specificity, and characterised it with molecular phylogenetic strategies and lightweight and electron microscopy. The amoeba was a generalist predator (i.e. eukaryotroph), devouring a vary of marine microalgae, with a robust affinity for some benthic diatoms and Chroomonas. Interestingly, the amoeba diverse its feeding technique relying on the prey species. Small diatoms had been engulfed complete, whereas bigger species had been ate up by extraction with an invading pseudopodium.

The SSU rRNA gene phylogenies robustly positioned the amoeba in the most basal, poorly described lineage (‘clade C’) of the Vampyrellida. Based on the phylogenetic place and the distinct morphology of the studied amoeba, we right here describe it as Sericomyxa perlucida gen. et sp. nov., and set up the new vampyrellid household Sericomyxidae for ‘clade C’.

A brand new ellimmichthyiform, Guiclupea superstes, gen. et sp. nov., from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Ningming Basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China is described herein. With comparatively massive physique dimension, parietals assembly at the midline, anterior ceratohyal with a beryciform foramen in the heart, a full predorsal scutes sequence of very excessive quantity and about equally-size scutes with radiating ridges on dorsal floor, first preural centrum unfused with first uroneural however fused with the parhypural, and first ural centrum of roughly the similar dimension as the preural centrum, Guiclupea superstes can’t be assigned to the order Clupeiformes.

The phylogenetic analyses utilizing parsimony and Bayesian inference strategies with Chanos/Elops as outgroup respectively means that the new kind is nearer to ellimmichthyiform genus Diplomystus than to another fishes, though there are some discrepancies between the two standards and totally different outgroups used. It shares with Diplomystus the excessive supraoccipital crest, pelvic-fin insertion upfront of dorsal fin origin, and the quantity of predorsal scutes greater than 20. The new kind represents the youngest ellimmichthyiform fish report in the world. Its discovery signifies that the members of the Ellimmichthyiformes had a wider distribution vary and a longer evolutional historical past than beforehand recognized.